Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)

Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)

AMD is a leading cause of vision loss in people over 60. It affects the macula — the central part of the retina responsible for sharp vision.

There are two types:

Dry AMD (most common): Gradual breakdown of macular cells over time.

Wet AMD: Abnormal blood vessel growth that can lead to sudden vision loss.

Symptoms:

Blurred or distorted central vision

Difficulty reading or recognizing faces

Needing brighter light for close work

Risk factors:

Age, family history, smoking, poor diet, and high blood pressure

Early detection and treatment can slow progression. Treatments may include lifestyle changes, supplements, or injections for wet AMD.

Treatments:

Dry AMD:

• Healthy diet rich in leafy greens and fish

• AREDS2 vitamin supplements

• Quitting smoking and managing blood pressure

• Regular eye exams and vision monitoring

Wet AMD:

• Eye injections (anti-VEGF) to stop abnormal blood vessel growth

• Occasionally, laser or light-based treatments

• Low vision aids and support tools if needed