Glaucoma treatment

What Is Glaucoma?

Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve, often due to increased pressure inside the eye. Over time, this can lead to a gradual loss of peripheral vision — and if left untreated, can result in permanent vision loss or blindness.

Types of Glaucoma

Chronic Open-Angle Glaucoma: The most common form, usually painless and slow to develop.

Angle-Closure Glaucoma: Less common, but can develop suddenly and requires urgent treatment.

Normal-Tension Glaucoma: Optic nerve damage occurs even though eye pressure is within normal range.

Secondary Glaucoma: Caused by another condition, such as eye injury or inflammation.

Who Is at Risk?

Glaucoma can affect anyone, but the risk increases with age. You may be at higher risk if you:

  • Are over age 60

  • Have a family history of glaucoma

  • Are of African, Asian, or Caribbean descent

  • Have high eye pressure (ocular hypertension)

  • Have diabetes, high blood pressure, or severe nearsightedness

Symptoms

Most types of glaucoma have no early symptoms. Vision loss is typically gradual and affects peripheral vision first. By the time symptoms are noticed, significant damage may have already occurred — which is why regular eye exams are important.

Diagnosis

Glaucoma is diagnosed through a comprehensive eye exam that may include eye pressure measurement (tonometry), optic nerve imaging (OCT), visual field testing, and assessment of the drainage angle.

Treatment

While vision loss from glaucoma cannot be reversed, treatment can help slow or stop its progression.

  • Eye Drops: To reduce eye pressure by decreasing fluid production or increasing drainage.

  • Laser Treatment: To improve fluid outflow from the eye.

  • Surgery: May be recommended if drops or laser treatments are not effective.